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启明老兄, 我们就正式来赌上一赌如何 |
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好, 让你一步, 那我们就赌"负反馈是系统稳定的必要条件" -- 人之初 - (38 Byte) 2005-2-10 周四, 上午8:13 (212 reads) |
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作者:Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
在行为系统控制论领域,W.T. Powers 是位很著名的学者.他在回答什么是系统控制的时候阐述(W.T. Powers和R. Marken等人)道:
稳定系统的充分必要条件是:
(1)对系统可能状态q进行约束(contraint),即通过选择与化约,减缩到特定状态q*,记作:C(qi)→q*。
(2)对于环境加到q*的干扰与摄动(disturbances & perturbation),系统总是存在着不断的对抗(counteract)和补偿行动,使qi倾向于返回q*,以致于q*是某种类型的非平衡的稳定态、稳定环或其他类型的吸引子(attractor)。记作R(q)→D(q)。D为对q的干扰效应,R为对q的行动效应。
因此,R, Marhen将控制定义为变化中的稳定性。他说:“一个被控事件就是这样一个物理变量(或几个变量的函数)它面临招致变化性的各种因素中保持稳定”。(5) 而Power则指出“A称作控制B,仅当对于所有作用于B的干扰影响,A总要产生一种行动,它倾向于强烈地抵消这种干扰影响B的效应”(6) 由于从能量的观点看,一个系统能够这样做(而成为控制系统)时,它必须是一个耗散结构;而任何复杂系统都必须通过控制机制才能达到适应性自稳定和适应性自组织以保持自己的有序结构,所以控制论以及它的这个定义从功能和机制上概括了范围广大的系统科学领域,包括耗散结构理论,协同学,混沌理论,复杂适应系统理论。所以我们必须从复杂系统及其进化的新观念来研究控制论,又要从控制机制的视角来研究复杂系统。
这是他们给稳定系统做的定义,你去批驳他们吧. 此外再给你介绍两本他的书,也省得你道听途说!
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"Some of the best science is done by people who refuse to take the obvious for granted. Copernicus didn't take the sun's daily trek across the sky for granted, and Einstein didn't take the regular tick of time for granted, and William T. Powers didn't take the appearance of behavior for granted."
"Control theory explains how organisms control what happens to them. This means all organisms from the amoeba to Humankind. It explains why one organism can't control another without physical violence....It explains why it is so hard for groups of people to work together even on something they all agree is important. It explains what a goal is, how goals relate to behavior, how behavior affects perceptions, how perceptions define the reality in which we live and move and have our being. Control theory is the first scientific theory that can handle all these phenomena within a single testable concept of how living systems work."
–W.T. Powers, November, 1991.
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is the book that introduced William T. Powers’ revolutionary theory of the behavior of living organisms. Published in 1973 by Aldine de Gruyter, this seminal work is in its fifth printing. On the original dust jacket (shown here) the great Carl R. Rogers, then Resident Fellow of the Center for Studies of the Person in La Jolla, wrote:
“Here is a profound and original book with which every psychologist—indeed every behavioral scientist—should be acquainted…. A unique theory which should spark a great deal of significant research.”
作者:Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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