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ZT-旁观毛泽东时代（美国人写的） -- Anonymous - (7382 Byte) 2002-11-18 周一, 上午12:57 (280 reads) |
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作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
都是两年多以前的事了。贴篇“新观察”旧文。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
那天在Ａｍａｚｏｎ查迈斯纳的书，见到评论说他认为中共现领导是官僚
资产阶级、只有一场推翻现领导的群众革命才能挽救中国的社会主义，我就猜
想，《中华读书报》上的那个翻译是崔之元、《世界和中国》之类的海外“新
左派”搞的。他们隐瞒了迈斯纳的政治倾向，糊弄国内那些中宣部直接管辖下
的编辑。这次借到书一看，封底写好话的四个人里面，崔之元是第二个——这
小子一贯是篡改了毛泽东思想糊洋人（本人曾经揭发过他阉割毛主席“鞍钢宪
法”的滔天罪行），再剥几个洋名词唬国人。
我们比较熟悉的几位汉学家，比如为毛泽东和江青写传的 Ross Terrill
（他写的毛泽东传记，国内早已翻译出版），则都不在里面。看来，美国的汉
学界，阵线也是满分明的。
迈斯纳的政治倾向，最明显地体现在第十六章，“中国社会主义的命运和
未来”（４９２－５２３页）。他引用恩格斯的话说，每一种进步都是相对的
退步，中国的改革取得了令人瞩目的经济成就，但是社会后果是灾难性的。五
代中国知识份子希望能走出一条自己的工业化道路，避免西方的社会混乱和道
德堕落，这一追求，现在被彻底放弃了。
这老小子真不错，自己国内革命革不动，却希望中国做他的 Beta Site，
专门试验这些学院左派的新思想（其实是烂哄哄的旧理想）。
迈斯纳认为，邓小平改革的最大灾难，是建立了一个“劳动力市场”。他
引用马克思的话说：
In the 1980s, China's leaders gradually reconciled themselves to
enduring the vicissitudes of a capitalist regime -- that "social
anarchy which turns every economic progress into a social calamity,"
as Marx so acutely and forebodingly described the working of capitalism.
Of the socio-cultural calamities wrought by capitalism, none is
more chilling than the conversion of human being into commodities
to create a labor market, an essential prerequisite for the
functioning of a capitalist ecomony ... forcing the majority of
the working people to barter their labor-power to survive in an
increasingly marketized society.
One need not be a Marxist, or a socialist, to appreciate Marx's
chilling description of work under the capitalist mode of production:
"... the worker sinks to the level of commodity and becomes indeed
the most wretched of commodities ... The worker becomes an ever
cheaper commodity the more commodities he creates ... the increasing
value od the world of things proceeds in direct proportion to the
devaluation of the world of men.
他说，建立劳动力市场的最重要步骤是解散农村人民公社。这导致农村劳
动力的一半——二亿人变为多余，虽然有很多人被乡村工业吸收，但有五千万
至一亿的农民，成为在城市寻找工作的“盲流”。英国花了两百年才完成农村
劳动力到无产阶级的转移，这长期的磨难，在中国，竟集中地掷在一代人头上。
接下来迈斯纳谈改革引起的第二个主要社会问题——极度的不平等。他没
讲出什么新鲜的话，但在说到农民时，把毛时代和邓时代捆在一起，认为他们
两人的现代化努力都损害了农民的利益。
The plight of the majority of China's farmers during a period of
exceptionally rapid industrial growth testifies to the truth of
the observation, ... that the peasants are the first victims of
modernization and, in the end, pay most of the cost, whatever the
political character of the regime that presides the process. The
hope that Mao's regime and then the hope of Deng's regime would
prove exceptions to the rule have now both been defeated.
有趣的是迈斯纳认为中共现政权不会建立良好的社会福利。
A Communist regime that took such grat pains to "smash the iron
rice bowl," and one that is determined to expand the labor market,
will not adopt generous social welfare policies, even within the
limited financial means available to it.
不平等，从马克思主义的角度看，其实是个阶级分化问题。迈斯纳接着分
析中国新生资产阶级的特色。他指出，这其实是一个官僚资产阶级，主要成员
是党的干部和政府官员，或和他们有联系的人，党外的产业主也要依靠他们的
保护。这个新生资产阶级的意识形态，现在是民族主义——因为社会主义倒是
强调底层民主的，这威胁到他们的安全。
随后迈斯纳用很长的篇幅讨论乡村工业是否能够成为中国社会主义的新的
生长点，结论是不能。整个讨论就是没见过中国农村的老外在痴人说梦。
迈斯纳在该书最后说，中国社会主义的前途，在于推翻中共现政权。
China's socialist future, if there is to be one, will not evolve
from the existing socio-political system but rather in popular
resistence to it. It will come not as a result of the maturation
of the reformed economy, as the regime still vaguely promises,
but in a democratic struggle against the social consequences of
capitalism. Socialism is the natural historic antagonist of
capitalism, and it is likely that movements of resistence to Chinese
Communist dictatorship will assume both a socialist and a democratic
character.
Such a socialist movement inevitably will involve conflict with
the Communist state, for Chinese capitalism is inextricably bound
up with the state and its repressive bureaucratic organs. The
conflict, should it come, is not likely to be a peaceful one, for
so many of the bureaucrats and the bureaucratic agencies of the
Communist regime have a direct economic stake in the existing
capitalist order of things... This is the strange and paradoxical
case because of the relative success of the post-Mao regime's
market reform, which fatally linked a capitalist market economy
to a Stalinist bureaucratic apparatus.
打倒批着毛泽东思想外衣的反党分子迈斯纳！
〔２０００年６月２７日贴于“新观察”〕
作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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