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 To Climb? Where to?──回答网友批评 |
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芦笛
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加入时间: 2004/02/14
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作者：芦笛 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
To Climb? Where to?
──回答网友批评
芦笛
刚才看见鞍子批评我对climb的解释，多谢指教。本人早说过，我的英语一塌糊涂，
不敢在这上头充大拿。所以，铁木反复指控我充当英语学阀，不是事实。而游客则
以他一以贯之的邪恶心地出来挑拨离间，责问网友“你以为这真是英语讨论么”，
倒毫不足奇。此人就这德性，你能指望他像正派人一样behave么？
不过还是忍不住要请教游客，这如果不是英语讨论，那请问到底是什么讨论阿？遮
莫是“民运魔鬼”的反共政治宣传？世上这么多人，为何你就如此不幸，偏偏心术
如此邪恶呢？
还是来谈英语吧。刚才去查了一下，climb有如下意思：
climb
v. climbed, climbing, climbs
v. tr.
To move upward on or mount, especially by using the hands and feet or the
feet alone; ascend: climb a mountain; climbed the stairs.
To grow in an upward direction on or over: ivy climbing the walls.
v. intr.
To move oneself upward, especially by using the hands and feet.
To rise slowly, steadily, or effortfully; ascend. See Synonyms at rise.
To move in a specified direction by using the hands and feet: climbed down
the ladder; climbed out the window.
To slant or slope upward: The road climbs steeply to the top.
To engage in the activity or sport of mountain climbing.
To grow in an upward direction, as some plants do, often by means of twining
stems or tendrils.
n.
climb A( P ) Pronunciation Key (klAm)
v. climbed, climbing, climbs
v. tr.
To move upward on or mount, especially by using the hands and feet or the
feet alone; ascend: climb a mountain; climbed the stairs.
To grow in an upward direction on or over: ivy climbing the walls.
v. intr.
To move oneself upward, especially by using the hands and feet.
To rise slowly, steadily, or effortfully; ascend. See Synonyms at rise.
To move in a specified direction by using the hands and feet: climbed down
the ladder; climbed out the window.
To slant or slope upward: The road climbs steeply to the top.
To engage in the activity or sport of mountain climbing.
To grow in an upward direction, as some plants do, often by means of twining
stems or tendrils.
n.
An act of climbing; an ascent: a long, exhausting climb to the top.
A place to be climbed: The face of the cliff was a steep climb.
意义相当庞杂，比较具体的则有下列分词短语：
climb up
v 1: go upward with gradual or continuous progress; "Did you ever climb
up the hill behind your house?" [syn: climb, mount, go up] 2: rise in rank
or status; "Her new novel jumped high on the bestseller list" [syn: rise,
jump]
climb down
v : come down; "the birds alighted" [syn: alight]
climb on
v : get on the back of; "mount a horse" [syn: hop on, mount, mount up, get
on, jump on, bestride] [ant: hop out]
还有个名词形式：
climb-down or climbdown (klAmAdounA)
n.
A retreat from an earlier position or opinion; a backing down: “Agreeing
to give up their arms and to yield control of Tripoli represented a major
climb-down” (Jim Muir).
由此可见，给我改稿的鬼子之所以要加那up，乃是为了更加明确地指明动作方向，
否则也可能是爬下来，而不是爬上去。
至于鞍子用被动态来作反驳则恐怕难以成立。须知动词的主动态和被动态常常有相
当明确的差别，最典型的例子就是shoot：
He shot at me.
He was shot dead.
第一句说的是“他向我开枪”，至于效果如何，是否打中，则根本没说，但第二句
则很明确，“他被打死了”，不但被人开枪射击，而且命中导致死亡。如果不用dead，
则常指“枪毙”(当然也不一定，可以是在战场上被子弹打中)。我记得我曾在此坛
写过个旧帖，回忆了我和导师在六四大屠杀后的对话：
“Deng Xiaoping, what a name! Sounds like ‘Dung Shopping’. You go and buy
some bullshit, that's what the name means, isn't it?”said my boss.
“My God! ”I exclaimed，“ How could you say that？！ You would be shot
straight away if you said that in China!”
“You mean they would shoot me just for that?”
“That's right. They would shoot you just for that!”
“Then thank God I am not in China.”
这对话使用的shoot完全是“枪毙”的意思，无论主动被动态都如此，但那是context决
定的，首先是被动态引出来的。不难看出其中的规律：当shoot这个意义很多的动词
变成被动语态后，它就失去了原来众多涵义，变得更加强调结果了。我个人认为，
这规律也适用于climb：主动态涵义很多，但用作被动态后就就成了强调结果。
以上所说，当然是我个人看法，欢迎批判，但请热衷于并擅长于从学术争论中发掘
出险恶用心、罪恶阴谋的诛心专家游客辈到此止步。谢谢！
作者：芦笛 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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