葡萄皮
[个人文集]
加入时间: 2004/02/14
文章: 3018
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作者：葡萄皮 在 驴鸣镇 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
- Calculating China's contribution to the world
What has China's development brought to the world? This question was not difficult to answer, but recently some strange talks in the United States have become a "standard answer." For example, there is a saying in the United States that China’s rise is in “economic aggression”, in the implementation of “geopolitical expansion”, and in “destroying international rules”. Similar arguments have been in the United States for a long time, but they are just an undercurrent, but now they have become the official US rhetoric. On September 17, US leaders actually accused China of "a serious threat to the long-term health and prosperity of the US economy." What's more, on October 4, the US Vice President sang in his speech that China's "success is largely driven by US investment in China." "In the past 25 years, we have rebuilt." China'". It’s a big joke! In this case, we must not carefully evaluate and calculate the accounts before the world. How is this account calculated? First of all, we can count the contribution of China from the perspective of promoting world development. Secondly, we can look at what China has done from the perspective of promoting world peace. Third, we can evaluate it from the perspective of maintaining international order. A comment on whether China has undermined international rules.
1. China is a promoter of global development, not an economic aggression.
The United States accuses China of engaging in "economic aggression" in the world. It also says that it is a victim. It believes that China has adopted a series of policy measures that are contrary to free and fair trade... laid the foundation for manufacturing in Beijing, but at the expense of At the expense of its competitors, especially the interests of the United States of America, "China’s actions have caused a trade deficit with the United States," and it has repeatedly "urged China to change these unfair practices," and even did not hesitate to provoke a trade war. So what is the current profit and loss account in the world? This is a good way to say.
The United States believes that there is a huge deficit in the trade in goods with China, which is "loss" and "economic aggression". It also says that the amount of "loss" is "200 billion US dollars." Trade accounts cannot be counted like this. We must see that trade is mutual and each needs it. You are willing, China has never bought strong sales, and does not deliberately pursue a surplus. The United States has huge market demand for China, and there are both buying and selling. According to UN statistics, US exports of goods to China in 2017 were US$129.89 billion, an increase of 577% from US$19.18 billion in 2001, which is much higher than the US export growth of 112% in the same period. This is still strictly restricted in the United States for the types of goods exported to China, and some of the technological content is not allowed to be sold. If the United States is willing to sell high-tech products, will there be such a big deficit? For example, the US Ford-class aircraft carrier is not for sale? A ship sold to China for $15 billion will soon be able to fill a $60 billion deficit. Even if the aircraft carrier is not so high-end, even if the United States slightly relaxes its export restrictions to China, the trade deficit of goods is not the current state. According to the April 2017 report of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, if the United States relaxes its export control to China to the level of Brazil, the US trade deficit with China can be reduced by 24%; if relaxed to the level of France, the United States The trade deficit with China can be reduced by 35%. It can be seen that the problem is not in "China does not buy", but in "the United States does not sell."
Moreover, we must also consider service trade. According to statistics from the United States, from 2007 to 2017, US exports to China increased from US$13.14 billion to US$57.63 billion, an increase of 3.4 times. In the same period, US exports to other countries and regions in the world increased 1.8 times. The annual trade surplus in services trade expanded 30 times to $40.2 billion.
n fact, the calculation of the profit and loss account of Sino-US trade only considers that China and the United States are too one-sided because it is part of economic globalization in the past few decades and cannot be separated from the global perspective. For decades, the manufacturing processes of processing and assembly in the United States have shifted to the world, and they have retained service links such as design and marketing. China has become the largest ground for global industrial transfer. Many goods are exported and sold in China by the United States and other countries. In the product value chain, multinational companies get big heads, Chinese companies get small heads, just a little processing fees, hard money, all counted as China's "earned" is obviously unfair.
China's development is not only an "economic aggression" but an important engine of world economic growth. Since 2013, China's contribution to world economic growth has remained at around 30%, ranking first in the world, and reaching 34.6% in 2017, about twice the size of the United States. China's development has also brought a bigger market to the world. From 2001 to 2017, the average growth rate of China's goods imports reached 13.5%, which is twice the world average. In the same period, China's service trade imports grew at an average rate of 16.7%, 2.7 times the world average. From 2011 to 2017, the share of China's total imports of goods and services increased from 8.4% to 10.1%, an increase of 1.7 percentage points, while the United States decreased by 0.5 percentage points during the same period.
n the world, China is also an important creator of employment opportunities. At present, China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” have jointly built more than 80 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, adding 244,000 jobs to the local area. Ernst & Young, one of the four largest accounting firms in the world, pointed out that from 2005 to 2016, China created more than 130,000 jobs in Africa, more than three times the number of jobs created in the United States. In addition, according to the International Labor Organization’s Report on Economic and Trade Relations between China and Latin America and the Caribbean, from 1990 to 2016, China created 1.8 million jobs for Latin America and the Caribbean.
There is a saying in the United States that China has “snapped” the Americans’ jobs, based on the fact that some factories in the United States have moved to China, which is one-sided and untenable. According to a report released by the US-China Trade National Committee in 2017, Sino-US economic and trade relations have supported about 2.6 million US jobs. In addition, a study by the University of Ball State in the United States pointed out that compared with the peak of the number of manufacturing jobs in the United States in 1979, the United States has indeed lost about 7 million manufacturing jobs, but 88% of them are due to industrial automation. The increase has reduced the demand for labor and has nothing to do with China. Where is the establishment of a factory in the United States, it is fundamentally determined by the profit-seeking nature of capital, and no one who wants to pull it can pull it.
China's development has not only failed to "aggress" others, but has expanded the market for the world, created employment, contributed wisdom, and promoted world development. It is a strong support for the UN Millennium Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China's development has expanded the way for the vast number of developing countries, which account for more than 80% of the world's total population, to modernize, and has provided new choices to countries and nations in the world who want to accelerate development and hope to maintain their independence. Tuju, the general secretary of the Kenyan ruling party, said with emotion: "China's achievements have no precedent in human history. It brings hope to the African people and makes them feel bright at the end of the tunnel."
China's development is by no means what some politicians in the United States have said, "driven by US investment in China," but more than a billion Chinese people have worked hard. Even when it comes to investing in China, whether it is traffic or stocks, the United States is not the most, let alone "rebuilding China." According to relevant statistics, since the 1980s, US investment in China has only accounted for about 7% to 10%. On the contrary, the United States has made a lot of money from investing in China.
Second, China is a builder of world peace, not a "geo-expansion"
The United States also accused China of engaging in "geopolitical expansion," using the so-called "debt trap diplomacy" to expand its influence. This is really ridiculous.
The US Vice President said in a speech, "You can ask Sri Lanka. It has taken on huge debts and made China's state-owned enterprises establish a port of questionable business value... It may soon become China's growing A frontier military base of the Blue Water Navy." Hearing how the Sri Lankan Ambassador to China, Karunasina Kodi Tuvacu, refuted: "If anyone says that the Chinese government has given money to drag Sri Lanka into the 'debt trap,' I disagree, this is definitely the wrong conclusion." The security affairs of the port of Hambantota are entirely under the responsibility of the Sri Lankan military. "China has never made any demands to us, and we have never provided anything to China." In fact, after the Second World War, the United States used geopolitics as a guiding ideology for diplomacy and regarded the world as a "big game" for playing games. Under this thinking, the United States has only allies or opponents in its eyes; the basic means are nothing but alliances, contacts, containments, interventions and even wars. From NATO's eastward expansion to the Indo-Pacific strategy, nothing is the product of the geopolitical expansion of the United States.
At present, instability and uncertainty are becoming major threats to world peace. Measuring whether it poses a threat or promoting world peace depends on whether it is creating contradictions or maintaining stability. The “Belt and Road Initiative” initiative, which has been smeared by the United States as “geopolitical expansion”, has proposed that 103 countries and international organizations have signed 118 cooperation agreements with China on the “Belt and Road” initiative in the past five years. The core concept has been incorporated into the outcome documents of major international mechanisms such as the United Nations, the G20, APEC and the SCO. The “Belt and Road” is actually a “big chorus” that transcends zero-sum thinking with “peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual learning, mutual benefit and win-win”. It is an international cooperation concept that is fundamentally different from geopolitical expansion.
In today's world, China has firmly played the role of defender of peace and security and maintained peace and stability with its own development and prosperity. China has advocated and consistently adhered to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It is the country with the largest number of peacekeeping forces among the five permanent members of the UN. As of the first half of 2017, it has dispatched more than 35,000 peacekeeping personnel and participated in 24 UN peacekeeping operations. Action has been hailed by the international community as "a key factor and key force in peacekeeping operations." China has never waged wars for oil or resources. It has never used "evil states," "failed countries," and "dung country" to attack other countries in addition to creating contradictions that do not help solve any problems.
Internally, China is one of the world's best countries in terms of social security. The Gallup Company's 2018 Global Law and Order survey shows that China ranks among the top ten safest travel destinations in the world. And is the only major economy among the top ten. The social security situation in the United States is very bad. According to the statistics of authoritative organizations, from 2014 to 2017, the number of deaths and injuries in the United States increased by about 5% year-on-year. In 2017, the number of casualties reached 61,813, of which 15,637 died, and 170 people were killed or injured every day.
he United States, as the "world police", should have taken the primary responsibility of maintaining peace, but what he did was always waged in the guise of "maintaining peace." After World War II, the United States has launched or participated in more than 30 wars in the world, adding almost every two years. The militancy of the United States has brought enormous disasters to the world and even to its own people. From 2003 to 2012, the Iraq war, which had no reason to launch, directly or indirectly caused 655,000 Iraqis to die, 2,765 American soldiers were killed and more than 20,000 American soldiers were disabled. The Syrian war that the United States intervened caused a large number of people to be displaced. As of August 2018, the number of Syrian refugees registered with the UNHCR reached 5.6 million, and the resulting refugee crisis has profoundly affected the world. The United States launched the war in Afghanistan in 2001 and has caused more than 300,000 casualties. It is still a "bleeding wound".
New elements, including economic security, have become an important part of world peace. Lowering trade barriers can increase the level of cooperation and thus maintain economic stability. China, which has continuously expanded its openness, has never taken the initiative to provoke trade disputes and fully fulfill its WTO commitments. China has also increased its assistance to members of developing countries, especially the least developed countries, and promoted the narrowing of the North-South development gap. As of March 2018, zero tariffs have been imposed on 97% of the taxpaying products of the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations and completed the exchange of documents. Since the beginning of this year, China has once again announced the expansion of opening up measures to the world, and has greatly relaxed market access. In the service industry, especially the financial industry, the whole process has accelerated the opening process.
On the other hand, the United States, under the banner of "peer-to-peer openness", abused the name of "national security" and formed the "Foreign Investment Committee" (CFIUS), including multi-sector members such as the intelligence department, to continuously expand the coverage of "national security." Make "national security" a tool for the United States to arbitrarily block foreign companies from entering the United States. In 2017 alone, the “Foreign Investment Committee” restricted foreign companies from entering the US market in the name of “national security”, and more than half of them were Chinese companies. Both China and the United States are members of the WTO, and some problems in economic and trade should be resolved within the framework of the WTO. However, the US side has abandoned the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and handled foreign trade frictions arbitrarily according to its own domestic laws. It completely deviated from the basic principles of the WTO and violated the US tariff commitments and MFN obligations. The US president actually intimidated China in the statement. "If China takes revenge against our farmers or other industries, we will immediately begin Phase III, which imposes tariffs on an additional $267 billion worth of imported goods." A good one only allowed the state officials to set fire, and the people were not allowed to light up!
3. China is the defender of the international order, not the spoiler.
The United States often accuses China of "not complying with the international order" and vilifying China's role on the world stage. Many of China’s actions have been labeled as “destroying international rules” and “revisionist countries”, and even being said to be a new one.
The fact is that China directly participated in the construction of the international order after World War II and was a founding member of the United Nations. Chinese representative Dong Biwu first signed the Charter of the United Nations. Since China resumed its legal seat in the United Nations and all its institutions since 1971, China has been continuously adding “groups”. Currently, China has joined more than 400 multilateral treaties and participated in all UN specialized agencies and about 90% of intergovernmental international organizations. Fully integrated into the contemporary international order. According to the International Organization Yearbook 2017-2018, China's participation rate in international organizations is rapidly approaching the level of France, Germany and other countries with the highest participation rate, and the growth rate is the fastest among the major economies. A number of studies believe that China has been highly integrated into the international organization system and is a staunch defender and active builder of the international order.
In global governance, more and more countries want China to play a bigger role. In recent years, China has proposed the “One Belt, One Road” initiative to jointly build and share, and to create an Asian infrastructure investment bank, which is a useful supplement and improvement to the existing international order. China has also held major APEC leaders’ informal meetings, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the first “Belt and Road” international cooperation summit forum, and the ninth meeting of BRICS leaders, and reaffirmed the deepening of reform and expansion. The concept of openness welcomes the world's high-speed trains developed by China and is widely welcomed by the international community. China’s “friend circle” is growing.
In contrast, the United States, which became the dominant player in the international order after World War II, is constantly destroying the international order, constantly "retreating the group," threatening to "retreat the group," and even "abolishing the group." For example, the United States has withdrawn from the Global Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Human Rights Council, UNESCO, the Global Immigration Agreement, and the Iran Nuclear Agreement. The US-led G7 has played an important role in global governance. However, today its focus on the world's attention is actually its internal differences. In addition, the United States has to "reinvent the reintegration" in the fields of automobiles and steel that have already formed order in the West, which has shocked the EU and Japan. Facts have proved that China is the defender of the international order, and the United States is the spoiler of the international order.
In today's world, you have me, I have you, and pursue unilateralism and stubborn zero-sum thinking. There is no future. The Chinese people are not scared. They are never afraid of ghosts or evils. No matter how the world changes, China will unswervingly work with the international community to build a new type of international relations, to build a community of human destiny, and to make greater contributions to the cause of human progress.
Don't exaggerate the color, just keep your breath full.
人民日报钟轩理署名文章:给中国对世界贡献算算账
原标题：泾渭由来两清浊
——给中国对世界的贡献算算账
https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-10-10/doc-ihkvrhpt4190365.shtml
作者：葡萄皮 在 驴鸣镇 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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彭副对中美历史的回顾
